{"id":12702,"date":"2021-01-05T00:14:59","date_gmt":"2021-01-05T00:14:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jhuesa.com\/tecnologias\/intercambio-ionico"},"modified":"2021-03-24T11:36:34","modified_gmt":"2021-03-24T11:36:34","slug":"ion-exchange","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jhuesa.com\/en\/technologies\/ion-exchange","title":{"rendered":"Ion exchange"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_background&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_color=&#8221;#0971ce&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;7%&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;3%&#8221; text_color=&#8221;light&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; id=&#8221;culture&#8221; enable_gradient=&#8221;true&#8221; color_overlay=&#8221;#0a0a0a&#8221; 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custom_height=&#8221;100&#8243; custom_height_phone=&#8221;10&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Technologies&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:p|font_size:20|text_align:right|color:%2379a7ce&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1615403478555{margin-bottom: -20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;ION EXCHANGE&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h1|font_size:34|text_align:right|color:%23ffffff&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_background&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;50px&#8221; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; constrain_group_1=&#8221;yes&#8221; top_padding_tablet=&#8221;8%&#8221; bottom_padding_tablet=&#8221;8%&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; id=&#8221;home&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.5&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;top_to_bottom&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;straight_section&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;padding-2-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;right&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; zindex=&#8221;100&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_t_to_right_b&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; offset=&#8221;vc_col-xs-12&#8243;][vc_row_inner column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; min_width=&#8221;47vh&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; enable_border_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; enable_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; animation=&#8221;fade-in-from-bottom&#8221;][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;60&#8243; custom_height_phone=&#8221;30&#8243;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeInDownBig&#8221;]Treatment for the elimination of dissolved ions in water through ion exchange resins that are reactivated through the use of regenerants.<br \/>\nIon exchange involves the exchange of ions between a solid and a liquid, in which no substantial change occurs in the structure of the solid.<br \/>\nSince ion exchange is a reversible reaction, the exchange material can be regenerated for new processes.<br \/>\nMain types:[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner column_margin=&#8221;70px&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;25&#8243; bottom_padding=&#8221;15&#8243; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; top_margin=&#8221;-30&#8243; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;small_desktop&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; enable_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; animation=&#8221;fade-in-from-bottom&#8221;]<div class=\"nectar-fancy-ul\" data-list-icon=\"steadysets-icon-arrow-right\" data-animation=\"true\" data-animation-delay=\"600\" data-color=\"accent-color\" data-spacing=\"default\" data-alignment=\"left\"> \n<ul>\n<li>Demineralization\n<ul>\n<li><em>Cation \u2013 Anion<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Mixed bed\u00a0<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Denitrification<\/li>\n<li>Decarbonation<\/li>\n<li>Decalcification<\/li>\n<li>Others<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; 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full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_color=&#8221;#114984&#8243; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;4%&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;1%&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;1&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; enable_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; animation=&#8221;fade-in-from-bottom&#8221;][vc_row_inner column_margin=&#8221;90px&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;padding-3-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;top-bottom&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; enable_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; animation=&#8221;fade-in-from-bottom&#8221;]<div class=\"iwithtext\"><div class=\"iwt-icon\"> <i class=\"icon-default-style fa fa-cog accent-color\"><\/i> <\/div><div class=\"iwt-text\"> \n<h3><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">APPLICATIONS<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div><div class=\"clear\"><\/div><\/div>[divider line_type=&#8221;Full Width Line&#8221; line_thickness=&#8221;1&#8243; divider_color=&#8221;extra-color-2&#8243; animate=&#8221;yes&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;40&#8243;]<div class=\"nectar-fancy-ul\" data-list-icon=\"fa fa-check\" data-animation=\"true\" data-animation-delay=\"300\" data-color=\"extra-color-1\" data-spacing=\"default\" data-alignment=\"left\"> <span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Some of the uses of ion exchange are:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">As a post-treatment for other processes, e.g., reverse osmosis<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">In industrial processes, associated with various sectors:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><em><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">In the agri-food industry<\/span><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">In the chemical and pharmaceutical industry<\/span><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">In the energy, electronics, and nuclear industries<\/span><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">As surface treatment<\/span><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">As feed water for boilers<\/span><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">For water potabilization (removal of perchlorate and uranium, among other things)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/div>[\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;padding-3-percent&#8221; 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full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_gallery type=&#8221;flickity_static_height_style&#8221; images=&#8221;7315,7316,7317,7318,7319,7320&#8243; flickity_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; flickity_controls=&#8221;pagination&#8221; flickity_overflow=&#8221;hidden&#8221; flickity_wrap_around=&#8221;wrap&#8221; flickity_autoplay=&#8221;true&#8221; flickity_box_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; image_loading=&#8221;default&#8221; onclick=&#8221;link_image&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_content&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.5&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;fade-in&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;padding-5-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; enable_gradient=&#8221;true&#8221; color_overlay=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; color_overlay_2=&#8221;#efefef&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.5&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;]<div class=\"iwithtext\"><div class=\"iwt-icon\"> <i class=\"icon-default-style linecon-icon-settings accent-color\"><\/i> <\/div><div class=\"iwt-text\"> \n<h3><span style=\"color: #0070cd;\">OPERATION<\/span><\/h3>\n <\/div><div class=\"clear\"><\/div><\/div>[divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;10&#8243;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeInRightBig&#8221;]Ion exchangers are insoluble substances in granular form, like small beads, called resins, which are capable of absorbing ions from a solution and in exchange yielding an equivalent amount of another ion without any apparent change in their physical appearance or solubility.<br \/>\nThis exchange only works between ions of equal electrical charge (cations for cations and anions for anions).[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;30&#8243;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeInRightBig&#8221;]The most common resin is obtained by copolymerization of styrene and divenylbenzene (DVB), which solidify in the form of spheres into which the active exchange group is inserted.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_row_inner equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;20px&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;padding-3-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][image_with_animation image_url=&#8221;6683&#8243; animation=&#8221;Fade In&#8221; hover_animation=&#8221;zoom&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; img_link_large=&#8221;yes&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; box_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; image_loading=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_mobile=&#8221;default&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;20px&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;padding-3-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][image_with_animation image_url=&#8221;6684&#8243; animation=&#8221;Fade In&#8221; hover_animation=&#8221;zoom&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; img_link_large=&#8221;yes&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; box_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; image_loading=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_mobile=&#8221;default&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_content&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.5&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;fade-in&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;padding-5-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; enable_gradient=&#8221;true&#8221; color_overlay=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; color_overlay_2=&#8221;#efefef&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.5&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;zoom-out-high&#8221;][vc_row_inner equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeInDownBig&#8221;]These resins will have different specific surface area and uniformity depending on the type of application and the active group of radicals.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\nCATIONICS<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(C)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">STRONG (SC)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sulfonic groups<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(R-SO3)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regenerated with NaCl: Exchange of divalent and trivalent cations for sodium ions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regenerated with strong acid: Exchange of all types of cations for H+<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WEAK (WC)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Carboxylic groups<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(R-COOH)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regenerated with strong acid: Weak acid and hydroxide cations are exchanged for H+<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ANIONICS<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(A)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">STRONG (SA)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quaternary ammonium groups<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exchange strong and weak acid anions (SiO2 , CO2, organic acids) for OH- groups<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WEAK BASIC (WA)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tertiary ammonium groups<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exchange strong acid anions (Cl-, SO4=, NO3) for OH- groups<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MODERATE BASIC<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mix of the two previous groups<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">special<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Macroporus<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Can be SC, WC, SA, WA and have higher mechanical, temperature, and oxidant resistance<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Metal selective<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SC regenerated with acid<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scravanger o adsorbents<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Microporous SA, retain organic matter and colloids. Regenerate with NaCl<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The exchange capacity of the resins will be different for each type. This is a measure of the total number of active positions that are available for exchange (eq\/L or eq\/kg). In addition, a change in volume is induced.<\/p>\n<p>Typical values for resins in different ionic forms:[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;20px&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;padding-3-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;fade-in&#8221; enable_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; animation=&#8221;fade-in&#8221; delay=&#8221;600&#8243;][image_with_animation image_url=&#8221;6685&#8243; animation=&#8221;Fade In&#8221; hover_animation=&#8221;zoom&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; img_link_large=&#8221;yes&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; box_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; image_loading=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_mobile=&#8221;default&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;fade-in&#8221; enable_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; animation=&#8221;fade-in&#8221; delay=&#8221;1000&#8243;][image_with_animation image_url=&#8221;6861&#8243; animation=&#8221;Fade In&#8221; hover_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; alignment=&#8221;&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; box_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; image_loading=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_mobile=&#8221;default&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_content&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;-50&#8243; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.5&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;fade-in&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;padding-5-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;left-right&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; enable_gradient=&#8221;true&#8221; color_overlay=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; color_overlay_2=&#8221;#efefef&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.5&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeInRightBig&#8221;]Once the exchange capacity is reached, we can say that the resin is exhausted.<br \/>\nWhen this happens, it proceeds to be regenerated. This is a set of operations that allows the displacement of the retained ions until the resin is returned to its initial charge state.<\/p>\n<p>The first operation of the process is backwashing: the water is passed upwards, causing the decompaction of the bed and the elimination of possible particles that may have been retained.<br \/>\nThis operation is performed at a critical speed set by the resin manufacturer.<\/p>\n<p>Then, in the washing direction, a regenerating solution will be introduced, which will contain:[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"nectar-fancy-ul\" data-list-icon=\"icon-salient-thin-line\" data-animation=\"true\" data-animation-delay=\"600\" data-color=\"accent-color\" data-spacing=\"default\" data-alignment=\"left\"> \n<ul>\n<li>HCL or HSO4 for cation exchange<\/li>\n<li>NaOH (sodium hydroxide) for anionic exchange<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/div>[vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeInRightBig&#8221;]This operation is performed at a specific controlled concentration in each case.<br \/>\nNext comes the washing of the bed, which consists of two stages: a slow wash to ensure that the regenerant solution reaches the entire bed, and a quick wash to remove any remaining regenerant solution and leave the resin in the ideal state to start a new work cycle.<\/p>\n<p>The process that occurs during regeneration is the reverse of that of depletion.[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"nectar-fancy-ul\" data-list-icon=\"icon-salient-thin-line\" data-animation=\"true\" data-animation-delay=\"600\" data-color=\"accent-color\" data-spacing=\"default\" data-alignment=\"left\"> \n<ul>\n<li>For cation resins: <strong>Na-R + HCl \u00a0 -&gt; \u00a0 H-R + NaCl<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>For anionic resins: <strong>Cl-R + NaOH \u00a0 -&gt; \u00a0 R-OH + NaCl<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/div>[vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeInRightBig&#8221;][\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_content&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.5&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;fade-in&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;padding-5-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;left-right&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeInRightBig&#8221;]Natural waters contain calcium and magnesium ions that form poorly soluble salts.<br \/>\nThese cations, among other less common ones such as strontium or barium, are called hardness ions.<br \/>\nWhen water evaporates, they can precipitate and form solids.<\/p>\n<p>Hard water produces scale and can generate turbidity, so it is necessary to eliminate these components as much as possible to achieve softer water.<\/p>\n<p>For this purpose, strong acidic cation exchange resins are used in which the exchangeable ion is sodium Na, generically called cation resins in the sodium cycle.<\/p>\n<p>The general exchange reaction in the softening process that takes place can be expressed by:[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=&#8221;6867&#8243; animation=&#8221;Fade In&#8221; hover_animation=&#8221;zoom&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; box_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; image_loading=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_mobile=&#8221;default&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_content&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.5&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;fade-in&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;padding-5-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;left-right&#8221; background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeInRightBig&#8221;]Sodium cycling resin (RNa) comes in contact with calcium and magnesium ions (Ca2+, Mg2+) and retains them, releasing sodium cations into the water.[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=&#8221;6868&#8243; animation=&#8221;Fade In&#8221; hover_animation=&#8221;zoom&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; box_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; image_loading=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_mobile=&#8221;default&#8221;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeInRightBig&#8221;]The sodium cations released by the resin bind to the anions to which the calcium and magnesium were bound, forming the same salt in sodium form. In the case of calcium and magnesium bicarbonates, we see:[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221;][image_with_animation image_url=&#8221;6869&#8243; animation=&#8221;Fade In&#8221; hover_animation=&#8221;zoom&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; box_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; image_loading=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_mobile=&#8221;default&#8221;][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221;][vc_column_text css_animation=&#8221;fadeInRightBig&#8221;]In softening or descaling, the salinity of the treated water is the same as that of the water to be treated, with the difference being that the salts that contained the hardness-causing ions are transformed into highly soluble sodium salts that do not cause scaling.<\/p>\n<p>For the resin regeneration process, a brine solution (sodium chloride) is used:[\/vc_column_text]<div class=\"nectar-fancy-ul\" data-list-icon=\"icon-salient-thin-line\" data-animation=\"false\" data-animation-delay=\"0\" data-color=\"accent-color\" data-spacing=\"default\" data-alignment=\"left\"> \n<ul>\n<li>Ca-R + 2NaCl -&gt; CaCl2 + Na2 R<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n <\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_background&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_color=&#8221;#0971ce&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;7%&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;3%&#8221; text_color=&#8221;light&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; id=&#8221;culture&#8221; enable_gradient=&#8221;true&#8221; color_overlay=&#8221;#0a0a0a&#8221; color_overlay_2=&#8221;rgba(10,10,10,0.8)&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.5&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;top_to_bottom&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;zoom-out-slow&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;top&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243;&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":12681,"menu_order":7,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12702","page","type-page","status-publish"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.9 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ion exchange - J. 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